OBS Chapter 2223 Asking for monthly votes!!!
Chapter 2223 Asking for monthly votes!!!
Chapter 2223 Asking for monthly votes!!!
Thor is essentially a warrior. He doesn't know much about diplomacy and politics, and even hates it. If a general political system has such a leader, it would definitely be a disaster! After all, an organization or a country, the leader must not be careless when choosing a successor. First of all, you must have political talent. The emperor's successor must not be careless. Having strong political ability is the first, otherwise how can you unite the majority to govern the country? For example, Cao Cao, the Emperor of Wei, after the death of his two favorite sons Cao Ang and Cao Chong, the most talented among the remaining sons was Cao Zhi, but Cao Zhi was too literary, and he spent all day with the so-called literati. Cao Pi was different. He was more black-bellied and silently prepared everything, winning over ministers and attacking competitors. Cao Cao knew it well, but the choice of successor needed Cao Pi, who was politically supreme, who could get the support of the aristocratic families and had good means. He was much better than Cao Zhi, who only knew how to recite poems and write essays, so Cao Cao chose Cao Pi.
Secondly, character. In addition to political talent, the most important thing is character. Whether you can treat your brothers well after the old emperor passes away. Although there is no family affection in the royal family, any emperor still hopes that his descendants can have a good end. In fact, they are also afraid of brothers fighting against each other, so they can only try to choose pure and kind heirs during their lifetime. As for after death, only God knows. For example, Emperor Wen of Sui abolished the first prince Yang Guang because he felt that his character was not good, he was spoiled and extravagant, and he was not worthy of inheriting the country. There was also Emperor Taizong of Tang, Li Shimin. After abolishing the prince Li Chengqian, when considering the fourth son Li Tai or the ninth son Li Zhi as the new heir, because Li Tai said that he would kill his son and pass the throne to his younger brother after a hundred years, he gave the prince position to Li Zhi without hesitation, because he was worried that a person who could even kill his own son would definitely not treat his brothers well in the future.
Finally, what should we do when the heir has neither of the above two characteristics? One is to replace him directly, and the other is to wait for three generations. Some dynasties were trapped by etiquette and law. Even if the heir was a hopeless person, there were still many ministers who stubbornly supported him. In this case, it was not easy to abolish the heir status of the legitimate son or the eldest son, so we had to wait for the third generation. For example, Sima Zhong, the heir of Emperor Wu of Jin, Sima Yan, was a fool. Emperor Wu of Jin was the founding monarch after all, and his talents were top-notch. He would not be unaware of the character of his son, but Sima Zhong had a very smart son, Sima Yu. Emperor Wu of Jin thought long-term. If his son was not good, his grandson could be, so he did not abolish Sima Zhong. Although his grandson Sima Yu was killed by his stepmother, Empress Jia, after the death of Emperor Wu of Jin, the method of Emperor Wu of Jin to consider the heir from the third generation was also desirable.
The Yongle Emperor Zhu Di of the Ming Dynasty also had such considerations. Zhu Di was also torn between his eldest son and his second son. The eldest son had innate advantages, and the civil officials who strictly abided by etiquette supported him, but the second son was brave and more like him as a horse emperor. After repeated hesitations, Zhu Di finally saw that his eldest son had a capable son, who later became the Xuanzong Emperor Zhu Zhanji of the Ming Dynasty. In order to ensure the prosperity of at least three generations, Zhu Di did not replace his eldest son's position as the crown prince.
In short, choosing an heir is a very, very careful matter.
But in Thor, the US government does not see any merit that makes him suitable to be a foreign country of the powerful country Asgard!
He was fond of fighting, excessively obsessed with glory, and extremely disgusted with politics.
He is so naive!
He always sees people and things very clearly. Good is good, and bad is bad!
But politics is not like this. For politicians, morality has never been important, at least it cannot be the only criterion for evaluation!
It is not that we cannot use morality to evaluate politicians, but that we cannot simply use moral standards to evaluate politicians. Before discussing this issue, we must first acknowledge the fact that people in government have three different identities: they are politicians, ordinary people, and celebrities.
What is an ordinary person? The influence of an ordinary person's life is limited to a hundred miles away. His life and behavior have a limited impact on the joys and sorrows of others, and the scope involved is only a few hundred relatives and friends. Therefore, the judgment of ordinary people is often very simple, very clear, and very obvious.
What is a politician? The impact of their actions is often hundreds of miles away, or even tens of thousands of miles away. Sometimes, their actions will affect everyone in the world. It is precisely because their actions involve a large range of people and affect a large number of people that they will intentionally or unintentionally hurt some people or help others no matter what they do. Even if their original intention is to help everyone, they may hurt other people in specific actions. Even if their original intention is to hurt everyone, they may accidentally help some people.
When you put something on a very large basis, the relative number of people who are helped and those who are hurt will be very large!
It is difficult for ordinary people to accept and understand.
If a politician's policy benefits millions of people but hurts 1000 people, this means that this is good governance. If ordinary people only look at the harm to those 1000 people from their own perspective, then the distinction between good and evil will become very blurred. Conversely, if a politician hurts millions of people but benefits 1000 people, this means that this is bad governance. If ordinary people only look at the help to those 1000 people from their own perspective, then the distinction between good and evil will become very blurred.
The higher the status, the wider the scope of involvement and the more people affected. Even if certain actions only hurt a small number of people, and this small number may be tens of thousands of people, it would be extremely absurd and out of touch with reality to use the standards of ordinary people to emphasize the behavior of politicians at this time.
Because this small number of tens of thousands of people is already extremely shockingly large by ordinary people's standards.
What does it mean? An average person can eat one fish in one meal. A whale can eat thousands of fish in one meal. The appetite of the two is completely different. At this time, you cannot use the average person's standards to criticize whales for eating more and causing more harm.
Because it's unfair.
The situations of both parties are different, and they face different situations, so the impacts are also different. But if you use low-level standards to demand high-level things, it will inevitably lead to absurdity and confusion in the evaluation standards?
Ordinary people can only influence the joys and sorrows of themselves and a limited number of people around them, while politicians influence the joys and sorrows of tens of thousands of people and even the whole world. When your living environment is the same size as that of an ant, you will never accidentally step on an ant to death. When your living environment is the same size as that of Ultraman, you are very likely to accidentally step on a person to death when fighting a monster.
This is the difference in environment. We need to judge a person from all aspects separately.
Evaluate him both as an ordinary person and as a politician, examine the environment in which this person was in at the time as objectively as possible, and then give him an objective and fair evaluation.
Is that enough? Why? Because this involves the third identity that exists objectively in them—he is still a celebrity. The biggest role of this celebrity identity is that it will serve as an objective role model for those who come after him—whether it is a good role model or a bad role model. In other words, his objective existence and his actions will bring about a celebrity effect for those who come after him.
The higher the status of the person concerned, the greater the influence, and the more obvious the role model effect for later generations, so it is an objective evaluation. A historical figure also has great value in punishing evil and promoting good for later generations.
The most typical example is Li Shimin.
This guy has planted a huge bomb for the descendants of Li Tang!
When it comes to the Tang Dynasty, I know that everyone will first think of the prosperous Tang Dynasty praised by countless literati and historians. The rich and prosperous life, the grand occasion of all nations coming to pay tribute, and the unrestrained poetry are probably still missed today. Yes, the Tang Dynasty was the most powerful dynasty in Chinese history, but few people noticed that the Tang Dynasty was also the dynasty with the most coups in Chinese history. Just counting from the year 618 when Li Yuan and Li Shimin, father and son, established the Tang Dynasty, to the year 755 when the Anshi Rebellion broke out, in just over years, this was still the most prosperous period of the Tang Dynasty. The larger-scale coups that occurred included: the Xuanwu Gate Incident, the Wu Zhou Revolution, the Shenlong Coup, the Jinglong Coup, the Tanglong Coup, the Xiantian Rebellion, the Maweiyi Mutiny, and at least ten of them, large and small.
In many people's impressions, the Tang Dynasty was a prosperous era, brilliant and colorful. But few people noticed that it was a bloody heyday. In the palace, there were many scenes of sons forcing fathers, fathers killing sons, wives killing husbands, and brothers killing each other. It was chilling to watch. It can be said that coups ran through the entire history of the Tang Dynasty for nearly 46 years. Someone has calculated that 83% of the crown princes of the Tang Dynasty, that is, the crown princes we often call, died in an unnatural way. There were more than prime ministers in the Tang Dynasty, and of them died abnormally. Before the Anshi Rebellion, there were eight emperors, except for Tang Gaozong Li Zhi who took over peacefully from his father Tang Taizong Li Shimin. The remaining seven emperors, almost every emperor's accession to the throne was accompanied by bloodshed and murder.
Everyone knows about the Xuanwu Gate Incident, which was the first coup d'état in the Tang Dynasty recorded in history. This coup d'état happened only nine years after the founding of the Tang Dynasty. Emperor Taizong of Tang, Li Shimin, killed his elder brother Li Jiancheng and younger brother Li Yuanji, succeeded in taking the throne, and welcomed his father Li Yuan as the emperor. Afterwards, Li Shimin worked hard to govern the country and created the Zhenguan Reign that was talked about by later generations. However, Li Shimin started an extremely bad start, and the internal strife within the royal family of the Tang Dynasty continued, and it went on and on for nearly three hundred years until the demise of the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty perished due to civil strife and coups, and Lao Zeng believed that the root of the civil strife and coups was Li Shimin, who was later called the greatest emperor of all time.
When Li Yuan founded the Tang Dynasty, he appointed his eldest son Li Jiancheng as the crown prince. It should be said that this is in line with the legal system of primogeniture. Most dynasties in China, except the Qing Dynasty, adopted this system of primogeniture because appointing the eldest son as the crown prince can effectively avoid internal strife in the royal family and ensure the peaceful transfer of power. Although Li Jiancheng was qualified as a crown prince, the problem was that Li Shimin was too outstanding and he conquered half of the Tang Dynasty. (There is no need to say more about this. Li Shimin's achievements are real. If Li Yuan and Li Jiancheng could surpass Li Shimin in achievements, Li Shimin would not have the possibility of a successful coup! You have to know that this is the founding emperor! It was a time when the emperor's authority in a feudal dynasty was at its peak. Basically, he could achieve the point where he was the country. Look at the founding emperors of those unified dynasties. They killed meritorious officials like they were killing anything. Who dared to resist? Zhu Yuanzhang killed meritorious officials like that, and no one really dared to rebel openly. This can be seen. But Li Shimin not only rebelled, but also succeeded. He did not kill Li Yuan, but instead sidelined Li Yuan. If Li Shimin's achievements and prestige were fake, he would not have been able to do it!)
A bloody Xuanwu Gate Incident, killing his brother and slaughtering his younger brother. Although Li Shimin eventually became the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty, he also broke the rules. What rules? From now on, the throne will no longer follow the eldest son inheritance system. Whoever is more capable can covet it, and whoever takes the first step can take the throne. Emperor Taizong of Tang never expected that less than 20 years after the Xuanwu Gate Incident he created ended, his son would follow suit and want to stage another palace coup. If he was not careful, he would repeat the mistakes of his father, Emperor Li Yuan, and become the emperor under house arrest in the harem. And this beloved son turned out to be the crown prince Li Chengqian, who he had high hopes for.
Indeed, when we turn to the history of the Tang Dynasty, in the later years of Emperor Taizong of Tang, history seemed to be repeating itself. Although Li Chengqian was the crown prince, Li Shimin's other two sons, Li Tai and Li Ke, were also very powerful. Seeing that Li Tai was also very favored, Li Chengqian felt a potential threat. So Li Chengqian tried to assassinate Li Tai, but failed. At this time, Li Chengqian not only did not stop, but colluded with general Hou Junji and others, intending to strike first, raise troops to force the palace, and also create a "Xuanwu Gate Incident". Just like Emperor Taizong of Tang forced Emperor Gaozu of Tang to abdicate, he forced his father to abdicate. As a result, the matter was exposed. Li Shimin was furious and abolished the crown prince as a commoner, and supported the honest Li Zhi to take over, that is, Emperor Gaozong of Tang.
Although Tang Gaozong's reign of more than 30 years was peaceful, as soon as he died, the ambitious woman by his side, Empress Wu, became restless. She drove her two sons off the throne one after another and simply proclaimed herself emperor, changing the Tang Dynasty to the Zhou Dynasty. This was the only female emperor in Chinese history, Wu Zetian.
Since Wu Zetian also rose to power through a palace coup, her ending was doomed to be no better. Fifteen years after she became emperor, her son, Emperor Zhongzong of Tang, Li Xian, took advantage of his mother's serious illness and, with the support of the ministers, suddenly launched the Shenlong coup, forcing her to abdicate and revive the Tang Dynasty. Unexpectedly, before Li Xian's throne was firmly established, Li Xian's son Li Chongjun teamed up with Yulin Army general Li Duozuo and others to launch the Jinglong coup, killing Wu Sansi and his followers who held great power. However, the coup failed and Li Chongjun was beheaded. Not long after, Li Xian was poisoned to death by Empress Wei, who wanted to emulate Wu Zetian and become the second female emperor. Isn't that outrageous enough? But it wasn't over yet. Li Dan's third son, Li Longji, teamed up with his aunt Princess Taiping to launch the Tanglong coup, killing Empress Wei and supporting Li Dan to restore his throne. Li Longji, who was the third child and had no chance to get involved in the position of crown prince, was made the successor by Li Dan.
The best part is yet to come. Before Li Dan could even sit down, Princess Taiping and Li Longji, the aunt and nephew, fought for power. In order to avoid exacerbating the conflict, Li Dan had to give up his throne to his son. As soon as Li Longji came to power, he killed his aunt without saying a word. This was a congenital change. After that, the reign was changed to Kaiyuan. In other words, Li Longji, the creator of the world-renowned Kaiyuan Prosperity, came to power through two bloody coups. From the time when Emperor Zhongzong of Tang Li Xian took back the throne from his mother Wu Zetian to the time when Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Li Longji killed his aunt Princess Taiping, in just seven or eight years, the Tang Dynasty actually experienced four coups and changed three emperors! This kind of infighting spirit, if it is ranked second in the vast history of China, it is estimated that no dynasty dares to compete for the first place!
But who would have thought that Li Longji, the emperor of the prosperous times, created the Kaiyuan Prosperity on the one hand, but was still secretly thinking about coups on the other hand. 25 years after he ascended the throne, he didn't know what nerve was stimulated again, and he actually "killed three sons in one day", pushing the tragedy of internal strife in the Tang Dynasty to its climax. We will talk about this detail later. In the end, the constant internal strife led to the Anshi Rebellion, the biggest catastrophe in the Tang Dynasty for more than years. Li Longji was welcomed by his son as the emperor. He asked his father Li Dan to step down from the throne. Now his son Li Heng followed suit and carried forward his father's ruthless behavior. Then the political situation of the Tang Dynasty was not only caught in internal strife among royal family members.
There is a saying that goes, there has never been a prosperous royal family in the Tang Dynasty... Because they fought among themselves and it became a chicken-eating game, and too many people died, resulting in the royal family issue never being a problem in the Tang Dynasty... There were too few people!